Read Apology By Plato Online

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will find out that you are more ignorant than they are. Accordingly, 
I took them some of the most elaborate passages in their own writ- 
ings, and asked what was the meaning of them— thinking that they 
would teach me something. Will you believe me? I am almost 
ashamed to confess the truth, but I must say that there is hardly a 
person present who would not have talked better about their po- 
etry than they did themselves. Then I knew that not by wisdom do 
poets write poetry, but by a sort of genius and inspiration; they are 
like diviners or soothsayers who also say many fine things, but do 
not understand the meaning of them. The poets appeared to me to 
be much in the same case; and I further observed that upon the 
strength of their poetry they believed themselves to be the wisest of 
men in other things in which they were not wise. So I departed, 
conceiving myself to be superior to them for the same reason that I 
was superior to the politicians. 

At last I went to the artisans. I was conscious that I knew nothing 
at all, as I may say, and I was sure that they knew many fine things; 
and here I was not mistaken, for they did know many things of 
which I was ignorant, and in this they certainly were wiser than I 
was. But I observed that even the good artisans fell into the same 
error as the poets;— because they were good workmen they thought 
that they also knew all sorts of high matters, and this defect in 
them overshadowed their wisdom; and therefore I asked myself on 
behalf of the oracle, whether I would like to be as I was, neither 
having their knowledge nor their ignorance, or like them in both; 
and I made answer to myself and to the oracle that I was better off 
as I was. 

This inquisition has led to my having many enemies of the worst 
and most dangerous kind, and has given occasion also to many 
calumnies. And I am called wise, for my hearers always imagine 
that I myself possess the wisdom which I find wanting in others: 
but the truth is, O men of Athens, that God only is wise; and by his 


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