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speculate in this way any more, and that if you are caught doing so 
again you shall die;— if this was the condition on which you let me 
go, I should reply: Men of Athens, I honour and love you; but I 
shall obey God rather than you, and while I have life and strength I 
shall never cease from the practice and teaching of philosophy, ex- 
horting any one whom I meet and saying to him after my manner: 
You, my friend,— a citizen of the great and mighty and wise city of 
Athens,— are you not ashamed of heaping up the greatest amount 
of money and honour and reputation, and caring so little about 
wisdom and truth and the greatest improvement of the soul, which 
you never regard or heed at all? And if the person with whom I am 
arguing, says: Yes, but I do care; then I do not leave him or let him 
go at once; but I proceed to interrogate and examine and cross-ex- 
amine him, and if I think that he has no virtue in him, but only says 
that he has, I reproach him with undervaluing the greater, and 
overvaluing the less. And I shall repeat the same words to every 
one whom I meet, young and old, citizen and alien, but especially 
to the citizens, inasmuch as they are my brethren. For know that 
this is the command of God; and I believe that no greater good has 
ever happened in the state than my service to the God. For I do 
nothing but go about persuading you all, old and young alike, not 
to take thought for your persons or your properties, but first and 
chiefly to care about the greatest improvement of the soul. I tell 
you that virtue is not given by money, but that from virtue comes 
money and every other good of man, public as well as private. This 
is my teaching, and if this is the doctrine which corrupts the youth, 
I am a mischievous person. But if any one says that this is not my 
teaching, he is speaking an untruth. Wherefore, O men of Athens, I 
say to you, do as Anytus bids or not as Anytus bids, and either ac- 
quit me or not; but whichever you do, understand that I shall never 
alter my ways, not even if I have to die many times. 

Men of Athens, do not interrupt, but hear me; there was an un- 
derstanding between us that you should hear me to the end: I have 


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